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What is forward integration and backward integration?
Forward integrationBackward integrationA business strategy that involves a form of vertical integration whereby activities are expanded to include control of the direct distribution of its productsA form of vertical integration that involves the purchase of suppliers in order to reduce dependency.
What is an example for vertical integration would be?
Vertical intergration is where a company moves down the chain of distribution for example Thomas Cook is a tour operator and then it became a travel agents as well
Vertical horizontal integration?
Determine the primary benefits that might be sought by consumers of the following products (a) Tooth paste
What is the difference between vertical coordination and vertical integration?
Vertical coordination: The process of ensuring that each successive stage in the production, processing, and marketing of a product is appropriately managed and interrelated to the next, so that decisions about what to produce, and how much, are communicated as efficiently as possible from the consumer to the producer. Agricultural economists believe that vertical coordination of markets is particularly important in the food industry because of its complexity, the large number of firms that participate in one or more stages, and the relative perishability of the products involved. Vertical integration is a type of vertical coordination, but the latter does not necessarily require that a single organization own or control all of the stages. For example, the use of contracts and marketing agreements between buyers and sellers, and the availability of timely, accurate price and other market information are methods for achieving vertical coordination.
What is vertical consolidation?
Vertical consolidation is the process by which a company absorbs a distribution center or supplier into its own value stream. This can occur when a company purchases a new supplier or when a company begins to offer the same services as a third-party supplier themselves. This process is also referred to as vertical integration. An example of vertical consolidation is when an oil company purchases gas stations to sell their oil products or when the same oil company conducts exploration for new oil sources.
