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Can increasing sample size reduce random error?
Random error and sample size have an inverse relationship...As sample size INCREASES random error DECREASES. There's a good explanation at the related link.
Does the size of a sample affect the values of the frequency table?
Yes. If the sample is a random drawing from the population, then as the size increases, the relative frequency of each interval from the sample should be a better estimate of the relative frequency in the population. Now, in practical terms, increasing a small sample will have a larger effect than increasing a large sample. For example, increasing a sample from 10 to 100 will have a larger effect than increasing a sample from 1000 to 10,000. The one exception to this, that I can think of, is if the focus of the study is on a very rare occurrence.
How does Increasing the sample size while keeping the same confidence level has what effect on the margin of error?
The margin of error is reduced.
To cut the maximum likely error in half the sample size should be?
... should be increased by a factor of 4. Note that this implies that the only errors are statistical (random) in nature; increasing the sample size won't improve systematic errors.
What is absolute sample size?
It is the number of elements in the sample. By contrast, the relative sample size is the absolute sample size divided by the population size.
