They are similar. In many problems, both methods can be used. You can view Fourier transform is the Laplace transform on the circle, that is |z|=1. When you do Fourier transform, you don't need to worry about the convergence region. However, you need to find the convergence region for each Laplace transform.
The discrete version of Fourier transform is discrete Fourier transform, and the discrete version of Laplace transform is Z-transform.
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Fourier transform and Laplace transform are similar. Laplace transforms map a function to a new function on the complex plane, while Fourier maps a function to a new function on the real line. You can view Fourier as the Laplace transform on the circle, that is |z|=1. z transform is the discrete version of Laplace transform.
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unilateral means limit is 0 to infinite and bilateral means -infinite to +infinite in laplace transform
Let F(f) be the fourier transform of f and L the laplacian in IR3, then F(Lf(x))(xi) = -|xi|2F(f)(xi)
find Laplace transform? f(t)=sin3t