It is the equality sign that makes it an equation because without the equality sign it would be an algebraic expression.
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Since the vertex is at the origin and the parabola opens downward, the equation of the parabola is x2 = 4py, where p < 0, and the axis of symmetry is the y-axis. So the focus is at y-axis at (0, p) and the directrix equation is y = -p. Now, what do you mean with 1 and 76 units? 1.76 units? If the distance of the vertex and the focus is 1.76 units, then p = -1.76, thus 4p = -7.04, then the equation of the parabola is x2 = -7.04y.
A parabola with an equation, y2 = 4ax has its vertex at the origin and opens to the right. It's not just the '4' that is important, it's '4a' that matters. This type of parabola has a directrix at x = -a, and a focus at (a, 0). By writing the equation as it is, the position of the directrix and focus are readily identifiable. For example, y2 = 2.4x doesn't say a great deal. Re-writing the equation of the parabola as y2 = 4*(0.6)x tells us immediately that the directrix is at x = -0.6 and the focus is at (0.6, 0)
This equation is equal to the first one because it produces the same results, always. ... TL;DR - The circle equation is what you get when you multiply all terms from the ellipse equation by the radius. x^2/a^2 + y^2/b^2 = 1 is an ellipse equation. Well, a circle has a radius where a and b are the same.
There is not enough information. You need either the directrix or vertex (or some other item of information).
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