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1 is the identity for multiplication. 1*x = x = x*1 for all rational x.
If a set, with multiplication defined over its elements has the identity property it means that there is a unique element in the set, usually denoted by i, such that for every element x in the set, x*i = x = i*x.If the elements of the set are numbers then i = 1.
They both considered "identity elements". 0 is actually the identity element under addition for the real numbers, since if a is any real number, a + 0 = 0 + a = a. Mathematicians refers to 0 as the additive identity (or better said, the reflexive identity of addition). 1 is a separate and special entity called 'Unity' or 'Identity element'. 1 is actually the identity element under multiplication for the real numbers, since a x 1 = 1 x a = a. Mathematicians refers to 1 as the multiplicative identity (or better said, the reflex identity of multiplication).
The identity property for a set with the operation of multiplication defined on it is that the set contains a unique element, denoted by i, such that for every element x in the set, i * x = x = x * i The set need not consist of numbers, and the multiplication need not be the everyday kind of multiplication. Matrix multiplication is an example.
That is because 1 is the identity element of numbers with respect to multiplication.