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This is (mass of solute) divided by (mass of total solution) expressed as a percentage. The solute is what you are dissolving into the solution. Example: you have 90 grams of water, and you add 10 grams of salt (sodium chloride). The water is the solvent, sodium chloride is the solute, and the solution is salt water. 90 grams + 10 grams = 100 grams (mass of total solution). (10 grams) / (100 grams) = 0.1 --> 10% mass mass percent concentration.
The answer will depend on the temperature and pressure. At the pressure of 1 atmosphere (760 millimetres of mercury), 100 ml of pure water will have a mass of 99.9840 grams at 0 deg C, 99.9972 grams at 4 deg C (its greatest mass), 99.8203 grams at 20 deg C ("room" temperature), 95.84 grams at 100 deg C.
200 grams/1,000 mL x 100= 20%
100 grams isn't really heavy, in fact many chocolate bars weigh in at 100 grams. So anything that has a greater mass than a chocolate bar should also have a mass greater than 100 grams So, a can of soda, a large sandwich, a book.
100 grams of water at standard temperature and pressure has a volume of 100 cubic centimeters or 100 millilitres. The volume of 100 grams of any other substance will depend on its specific gravity or density: if less than that of water, it will have a greater volume; if greater than that of water, it will have a smaller volume.