If you mean the actual calculation of the sine and cosine functions, this is so involved that you best leave it to a scientific calculator. In both cases, infinite series are used. The formula for the sine function is:
sin x = x - x3/3! + x5/5! - x7/7! ...
Similarly:
cos x = 1 - x2/2! + x4/4! - x6/6! ...
"x" must be in radians. The formulae converge rather quickly, at least for small values of "x", but you still need to do a lot of calculations.
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All three are ratios which do not have units.
Just as in the case of a fraction, you can expand such a ratio by multiplying both numbers with the same non-zero number. It's easiest if you use integers for this.
The longer leg is opposite the 60 deg angle. Suppose A = 60 deg, C = 90 deg and a and c are the corresponding sides. Then, by the sine rule a/c = sin(A)/sin(C) a/c = sin(60)/sin(90) = sqrt(3)/2
tan(x) = sin(x)/cos(x) Therefore, all trigonometric ratios can be expressed in terms of sin and cos. So the identity can be rewritten in terms of sin and cos. Then there are only two "tools": sin^2(x) + cos^2(x) = 1 and sin(x) = cos(pi/2 - x) Suitable use of these will enable you to prove the identity.
There are three trigonometrical ratios for finding the angles and lengths of a right angled triangle and they are tangent, cosine and sine usually abbreviated to tan, cos and sin respectively. tan = opp/adj cos = adj/hyp sin = opp/hyp Note that: opp, adj and hyp are abbreviations for opposite, adjacent and hypotenuse sides of a right angled triangle respectively.