Similarity: Both are counts of people/animals/things.
Difference: Population is the total # of things, while sample is the # of things that you gather data on.
If you pick the right sample size, you can be pretty confident that the results of the sample data is the same as the results of the entire population.
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Information obtained from the sample can be extrapolated to the whole population using statistics.
population is the number of citizens living in a defined geographical area. Sample is a number taken from the population being the sample to research for a topic about the populations' behavior or habit, etc.
The same basic formula is used to calculate the sample or population mean. The sample mean is x bar and the population mean is mu. Add all the values in the sample or population and divide by the number of data values.
The sample regression function is a statistical approximation to the population regression function.
It is the ratio between the size of the sample and the size of the population.