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The idea is to divide the mass by the volume.
Density = Mass/Volume = 600/30 = 20 grams per ml.
To convert 200 grams per liter to percent, you divide the grams by the total volume in milliliters (1 liter = 1000 milliliters). Thus, 200 grams per liter is equivalent to 200 grams in 1000 milliliters, or 20% (since 200 grams in 1000 mL is the same as 20 grams in 100 mL). Therefore, 200 grams per liter is 20%.
Milliliters is volume and grams is mass, so you need to know mass density to solve this. For water, it has mass density of 1 gram per cubic centimeter which is the same as 1 gram per millitre of volume. So for water only, 20 ml = 20 grams.
The volume of the little cube is 23 = 8 cubic inches so the density of the material is 8/20 = 0.4 grams per cubic inch.The volume of the large cube is 83 = 512 cubic inches, so the mass (not the weight) is 512*0.4 = 128 grams.