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This is one of those technicalities:
- Surveillance implies only observation and reporting of findings WITHOUT intervention.
- Monitoring is the observation of change AFTER there has been an intervention of some sort.
More exact definitions would be:
Surveillance:
Continuous scrutiny of the factors that determine the occurrence and distribution of a disease and other conditions of ill health.
It's a 'special activity' done with more care and attention.
Monitoring:
Often used interchangeably with Surveillance. But Monitoring refers to ongoing measurement of health services or a health program with a view to evaluate the particular program/service or intervention with the constant adjustment of performance in relation to the results.
It's a 'routine Activity' done to check whether the target/objective are being attained or not.
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