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This is one of those technicalities:

- Surveillance implies only observation and reporting of findings WITHOUT intervention.

- Monitoring is the observation of change AFTER there has been an intervention of some sort.

More exact definitions would be:

Surveillance:

Continuous scrutiny of the factors that determine the occurrence and distribution of a disease and other conditions of ill health.

It's a 'special activity' done with more care and attention.

Monitoring:

Often used interchangeably with Surveillance. But Monitoring refers to ongoing measurement of health services or a health program with a view to evaluate the particular program/service or intervention with the constant adjustment of performance in relation to the results.

It's a 'routine Activity' done to check whether the target/objective are being attained or not.

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Q: What the difference between monitoring and surveillance of a disease?
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