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Potassium and Lithium
12 cm3 of Mercury is more dense than 7 cm3 of Hydrogen (at the same Temperature and Pressure), so 12 cm3 is more dense than 7 cm3.Whereas 12 cm3 of Hydrogen is less dense than 7 cm3 of Mercury (at the same temperature and pressure), so 7 cm3 is more dense than 12 cm3!Density depends upon the mass of the substance contained in the volume, so given two volumes, no statement can be made about the relative densities of those volumes without any knowledge of the mass of the volumes: density = mass/volume.Knowing the densities of the substances of the volumes, the volume is immaterial as the density is the same - density is the mass per unit volume.
Lead is more dense than feathers. It doesn't matter how much you have of either one. A chip of lead is more dense than a 10-mile convoy of trucks loaded with feathers.
Yes, the weight of the object doesn't matter as much as the density. For example, a pebble will sink in water because it is very dense, yet a log won't because it's not as dense as water.
You're comparing a mass to a volume. A gallon of water can can weigh a certain amount, but a gallon of a more dense fluid can weigh more.