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Power = (energy dissipated or moved) / (time to move or dissipate it)
It is not a variable. The equation says that the energy contained in any given mass is equivalent to the mass times the velocity of light squared.
It means that you can change one variable (the independent variable) freely, but that the other variable (the dependent variable) depends on the independent variable. For example, to calculate kinetic energy, the energy (for a given object) depends on the speed; if you change the speed, you change the kinetic energy. You can't change the kinetic energy directly, only indirectly by changing the speed.
temperatures differ from thermal energy because differ because thermal energy is the total energy of all particles in an object and temperature is a measure of the average energy of random motion of particles of matter.
E = m*c2 E is energy. m is mass. c is the speed of light.