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The y-axis. Although it is possible for both variables to be independent, or both dependent.
Independent = input a.k.a. x-value Dependent = output a.k.a. y-value Dependent variables go on y axis. Independent variables go on x axis. Time is almost always independent and that is why it nearly always on x axis. Time doesn't depend on anything in most experiments. But many things depend on it. Those will go on the y axis. If you have an object cooling, we plot a temperature time graph. The temperature (y axis) is dependent on the time (x axis) but not the other way round. If you consider the area of a parachute and its time of flight, then time depends on the area and so time being dependent on the area goes on the y axis. So in short: the independent variable is what you can control and goes on the x- axis. the dependent variable is what results from the experiment and goes on the y-axis.
because they are normally the unknown variables
Normally the vertical y-axis is considered the dependent variable and the horizontal x-axis the independent variable. ie the variable plotted up the y-axis depends upon the variable plotted along the x-axis.
The x-axis should display the independent variable (i.e. the one that is controlled by the person carrying the experiment) while the y-axis should display the dependent variable (i.e. the one that varies because of the changing independent variables). [The y-axis is vertical (up and down); the x-axis is horizontal (side-to-side)]