Variances are calculated for various reasons. Here is an example of why:
A geologist wants to know where the North American Plate is moving. He measures the position one year. When he re-measures on the same spot he did the previous year, he finds that the new data is 1 inch west of his original measurment. Therefore, he now knows the North American plate is moving west at a rate of 1 inch per year.
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total master-budget variances
Adverse variances means unfavourable variance which is actual expenses are more than budgted variance.
Efficiency Varian materials and direct labor, the variances were recorded in specific general ledger accounts.
The difference between two variances
Budget variances are differences in expenditures from your original budgeted plan. This may happen if there is an expense during the month that one may not have planned for such as an automotive repair or doctor's bill.