When a regular polygon can tessellate, it can be placed around a point (which has an angle of 360 degrees) with no 'space' left over. However some regular polygons don't tessellate because their interior angle is not a factor of 360 (does not go into 360 equally), meaning that there will be 'space' left over or it will overlap. To check if a regular polygon can tessellate, see if it's interior angle goes into 360 equally. (360/interior angle), if it does, it will tessellate and if it doesn't it's because the interior angle is not a factor of 360 meaning it will not fit round a point and won't tessellate.
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Some do, some don't. For regular tessellation, you require the interior angles to be a factor of 360 degrees. An octagon will not tessellate. On the other hand a triangle, which does not have an even number of sides, will.
No, it is not true that you cannot tessellate a six-sided polygon by itself. Hexagons are a type of polygon that can tessellate, which means they can be arranged in a repeating pattern to completely cover a plane without any gaps or overlaps.
Yes, but only with some polygons.
Shapes can tessellate only if a number of them can meet at a point and cover 360 degrees without overlap. For regular shapes this requires that the angles of the shape are a factor of 360 degrees. For non-regular shapes it is necessary that the angles of the shapes can be grouped so that they sum to 360 degrees.
Some 3D shapes will tessellate as for example a brick wall