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The Fourier series is a specific type of infinite mathematical series involving trigonometric functions that are used in applied mathematics. It makes use of the relationships of the sine and cosine functions.
An infinite sum of continuous functions does not have to be continuous. For example, you should be able to construct a Fourier series that converges to a discontinuous function.
what are the limitations of forier series over fourier transform
Yes. For example: A square wave has a Fourier series.
You can graph both with Energy on the y-axis and frequency on the x. Such a frequency domain graph of a fourier series will be discrete with a finite number of values corresponding to the coefficients a0, a1, a2, ...., b1, b2,... Also, the fourier series will have a limited domain corresponding to the longest period of your original function. A fourier transforms turns a sum into an integral and as such is a continuous function (with uncountably many values) over the entire domain (-inf,inf). Because the frequency domain is unrestricted, fourier transforms can be used to model nonperiodic functions as well while fourier series only work on periodic ones. Series: discrete, limited domain Transform: continuous, infinite domain.