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What is the function of solution 2 in plasmid isolation?
This solution contains the detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) which dissolves the cell membrane and denatures proteins. The solution is very alkaline (pH > 12) due to the presence of sodium hydroxide. The high pH aids in denaturing proteins and causes the cleavage of the phosphate bonds in RNA. This eliminates interference from high molecular weight RNA during the plasmid purification. Under highly alkaline conditions, the two strands in non-supercoiled DNA (linear fragments of chromosomal DNA, relaxed and nicked circular DNA) separate and are partially removed from solution. However, this does not occur with supercoiled forms of plasmid DNA because the two strands are intertwined and entangled in a way that prevents them from coming apart. Therefore, supercoiled plasmid remains free in solution.
What is the function of the chromatain?
The chromatain have four major functions. They package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell. They strengthen the DNA to allow mitosis, and they prevent damage to DNA. Chromatain control gene expression and DNA replication.
What are four charactoristics of eubacteria?
eubacteria lack a nucleus, lack histones in their DNA, have no membrane bound organelles, and their DNA is in a circular form.
Describe the function of electricity and the agarose gel in electrophoresis?
The electricity pulls the polar DNA strands through the gel, and shorter DNA strands move farther because they are less inhibited by the gel. The gel acts as drag to separate the different length DNA strands, so different DNA creates specific dye bands.
What is the function of primers?
RNA primers are used to initiate the DNA replication at the template strand. DNA molecules require a free 3' OH, to which it could add the nucleotides. This free 3' OH is provided by the RNA primer. So prior to the synthesis of DNA a short fragment of RNA is synthesized that is later excised and filled with DNA molecules.
The chromosomal DNA is duplicated in?
nucleus
How are chromosomal DNA and mitochondrial DNA inherited differently?
Chromosomal DNA is inherited from both parents via the egg and the sperm. Since Spermatozoa do not any Mitochondria you get all of your Mitochondria DNA from the Egg. IE your Mum.
What is a part of a cell that contains the chromosomal DNA?
The Nucleus
What are Extra-chromosomal DNA particles capable of independent replication are called?
Extra-chromosomal DNA particles capable of independent replication are called plasmids. Plasmids are circular DNA molecules found in bacteria that can replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA. They often carry additional genes that can provide advantages to the bacteria, such as antibiotic resistance.
The genetic code is carried by the molecule in most organisms. chromosomal DNA guanine hereditary?
The genetic code is carried by the molecule in most organisms. chromosomal DNA guanine hereditary?
What organelle also stores DNA?
The nucleus contains most of the DNA in a cell and this DNA is called the chromosomal DNA. It is separated from the rest of the cell by a double layer of membrane. The mitochondria also contain DNA, called the mitochondrial DNA.
Why is your DNA like no one else's?
Mutations and chromosomal crossover.
Pieces of DNA stored in yeast cells are called?
The circular DNA molecules that can be found in bacteria are called plasmids. Plasmids are a separate DNA molecule that can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA. Plasmids are commonly used in Biology classes to teach students about splicing.
What is the deoxyribonucleic acid or the genetic material usually called?
Chromosomal Dna.
What process in bacteria always allow both chromosomal and non-chromosomal DNA to be transferred?
Conjugation is a bacterial process that allows both chromosomal and non-chromosomal DNA to be transferred between cells. During conjugation, genetic material is exchanged through direct cell-to-cell contact facilitated by a structure called a pilus. This transfer of DNA can contribute to genetic diversity and adaptation within bacterial populations.
What enzyme inserts viral DNA into the host's chromosomal DNA?
The enzyme responsible for inserting viral DNA into the host's chromosomal DNA is called integrase. Integrase plays a crucial role in the integration of the viral genome into the host cell's DNA, allowing the virus to replicate and persist within the host cell.
What is the difference between plasmid and episomes?
Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that replicate independently of the host chromosome, while episomes are DNA molecules that can exist either as plasmids or integrate into the host chromosome. Episomes can switch between existing as a plasmid or integrated into the host genome, whereas plasmids remain as extrachromosomal DNA.
