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Vectors are usually decomposed into their orthogonal components so to derive equations along those orthogonal axes.

For example, consider a ball thrown at an angle to the horizon and assume, for the sake of simplicity, that the only force acting on it is gravity. Then, if you decompose the vector representing the initial velocity into a horizontal and vertical component, the former will not be affected by another force while the latter will be affected by gravitational acceleration. That will give you an equation which will enable you to work out the flight time and therefore the distance that the ball will travel.

The important thing is that vectors at right angles to one another do not interact. So if you can decompose a vector along orthogonal lines, any other vector at right angles to the original, can be ignored.

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Q: Why you divide the vectors in two component?
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How may the resultant of two vectors be computed analytically from vector parallelogram?

The resultant of two vectors can be computed analytically using the parallelogram law, which states that the sum of the two vectors forms a diagonal of the parallelogram they define. This diagonal represents the resultant vector, and its magnitude and direction can be determined using trigonometric functions based on the component vectors.


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How do you add x and y components?

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Their directions are perpendicular.


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It comes from the Law of Cosines. * * * * * For any two vectors A and B, the projection of A onto B, that is, the component of A along B, is ab.cos(x) where x is the angle between the two vectors. By symmetry, this is also the projectoin of B onto A.


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How do you find sum of both vector?

Two methods can be used for vector addition. (1) Graphically. Place the vectors head-to-tail, without changing their direction or size. (2) Analytically, that is, mathematically. Add the x-component and the y-component separately. The z-component too, if the vectors are in three dimensions.


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