Although a country is an area on the curved surface of Earth, it is usually calculated as a "flat" surface. The area can be estimated by multiplying the average north-south "height" of a country by the average east-west width.
For "round" areas such as islands, the area can be estimated as the area of a circle of the same average radius.
The total area of a country may be the sum of several distinct areas such as peninsulas and offshore islands. Also, the area can be divided into land areas and water areas within the country's borders.
Example for Egypt: on the map Egypt appears to be about 730 miles N-S and about 540 miles E-W in width. Multiplying gives 394,200 square miles. This is a only a percent or two from the "official" area of 387,048 square miles.
* In kilometers, the measurement is 1175 km by 870 km = 1,022,250 km2.
The official figure is likewise fairly close at 1,002,450 km2.
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To calculate the surface area of Egypt, you can use the formula for calculating the area of a rectangle: Area = length x width. The length and width of Egypt can be found by looking up its dimensions, and then multiplying these values together to get the total surface area in square units.
To calculate the surface area to volume ratio, simply divide the surface area of the object by its volume. This ratio is commonly used in science to understand how efficiently an object exchanges materials with its environment, with a higher ratio indicating better surface area for exchange relative to its volume.
The total land area of Egypt is approximately 385,229 square miles.
Surface density is calculated by dividing the mass of an object or substance by its surface area. The formula is surface density (σ) = mass (m) / surface area (A). The standard unit for surface density is kilograms per square meter (kg/m^2).
Force is divided by surface area to calculate pressure. Pressure is a measure of how much force is applied over a specific area, and is commonly measured in units such as Pascals or pounds per square inch. The formula for pressure is pressure = force / area.
The formula for the surface area of a cylinder is 2πr² + 2πrh, where r is the radius and h is the height. The formula for the volume of a cylinder is πr²h. The surface area to volume ratio can be calculated by dividing the surface area by the volume.