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Short answer: 2kcal

To be preceise, it depends on the temperature of the water, because the heat capacity of a substance changes with temperature. But in a practical sense, that doesn't matter, because the change is usually very small.

If we know the definition of a calorie, it's actually quite easy to calculate this. 1 calorie is the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1g of water by 1C. What we need to do is just play with the definition so that it fits with our numbers. So to raise 100g of water with 20C, we need 1cal*C-1*g-1*100g*20C = 2000 cal = 2 kcal (1 kcal = 1 kilocalorie = 1000 cal)

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Q: How many kcal are require to raise 100 grams of water 20 c?
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