hypothesis
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The time period may not affect the correlation coefficient at all. If looking at the correlation between the mass and volume of steel objects, time is totally irrelevant. The effect of the number of variables depends on whether or not the extra variables are related to ANY of the variables in the equation.
makeing the correlation spurious
Ah, the method used to show a cause and effect relationship between two variables is through experimentation, my friend. You see, by manipulating one variable and observing the effect on the other, we can understand how they are connected. Just like painting a happy little tree, it's all about exploring and learning from the beautiful relationships in the world around us.
controlled experiment
Moderation occurs when the relationship between two variable depends on a third variable. The third variable is referred to as the moderate variable or simply the moderator