The first-order Taylor expansion around x2 is given by sqrt(x2 + a) ~ x + a / 2x
So for sqrt(98), we know the closes perfect square is 81 = 9^2. Therefore: sqrt(98) = sqrt(81 + 17) = sqrt(9^2 + 17) ~ 9 + 17/(2*9) = 9 + 17/18 ~ 9.9444
Alternatively, sqrt(98) = sqrt(100 - 2) = sqrt(10^2 - 2) ~ 10 - 2/(2*10) = 10 - 1/10 = 9.9
Using a calculator: sqrt(98) ~ 9.899
Taylor series will always be an over-approximation.
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Ninety nine and nine ninths.
8.4
Shortterm memory
Using the eight digits, 1 - 8 ,-- There are 40,320 eight-digit permutations.-- There is 1 eight-digit combination.