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What are examples of the law of closure in Mathematics?
There is no law of closure. Closure is a property that some sets have with respect to a binary operation. For example, consider the set of even integers and the operation of addition. If you take any two members of the set (that is any two even integers), then their sum is also an even integer. This implies that the set of even integers is closed with respect to addition. But the set of odd integers is not closed with respect to addition since the sum of two odd integers is not odd. Neither set is closed with respect to division.
Why are odd integers closed under multiplication but not under addition?
The numbers are not closed under addition because whole numbers, even integers, and natural numbers are closed.
ARe odd integers not closed under addition?
That is correct, the set is not closed.
Which sets of numbers are closed under subtraction?
To be closed under an operation, when that operation is applied to two member of a set then the result must also be a member of the set. Thus the sets ℂ (Complex numbers), ℝ (Real Numbers), ℚ (Rational Numbers) and ℤ (integers) are closed under subtraction. ℤ+ (the positive integers), ℤ- (the negative integers) and ℕ (the natural numbers) are not closed under subtraction as subtraction can lead to a result which is not a member of the set.
Is the set of all negative numbers closed under the operation of multiplication Explain why or why not?
No. For a set to be closed with respect to an operation, the result of applying the operation to any elements of the set also must be in the set. The set of negative numbers is not closed under multiplication because, for example (-1)*(-2)=2. In that example, we multiplied two numbers that were in the set (negative numbers) and the product was not in the set (it is a positive number). On the other hand, the set of all negative numbers is closed under the operation of addition because the sum of any two negative numbers is a negatoive number.
