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Call the numbers p and q. From the problem statement, p - q = 16 and p + q = 58. From the first of these, p = q + 16. Substitute this in the second to result in q + 16 + q = 58, or 2q = 58 - 16, or q = 21, and p = 37.
Alternatively 58 - 16 = 42. 42/2 = 21 and 21 + 16 = 37. Same result, different method.
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