A monomial is any mathematical term that can be simplified down to one term. The term MONO means one and that is where the definition comes from.
Examples:
There are millions of monomials that come in endless variety. More complex but not too complex monomials are:
8+3
8+3 is a monomial because it can be simplified to 11. You have been learning monomials since Kindergarten, the only difference is that now there is a fancy word for those simple mental math problems.
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multiplied
It means the sum of several monomials.
The two monomials with a greatest common factor of 4M would be 4M and another monomial that includes 4M as a factor. For example, 4M and 12M would have a greatest common factor of 4M. This is because both 4M and 12M can be divided by 4M without a remainder. The greatest common factor represents the largest monomial that can divide evenly into both monomials.
24
Numbers have factors. Monomials and polynomials can have factors. Equations don't have factors.