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as the covariance of the two random variables (X and Y) is used for calculating the correlation coeffitient of those variables it indicates that the relation between those (X and Y) is positive, so they are positively correlated.

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What is degrees of freedom of covariance?

Degrees of freedom in the context of covariance typically refer to the number of independent values that can vary in the calculation of the covariance between two variables. When calculating sample covariance, the degrees of freedom are often adjusted by subtracting one from the sample size (n-1) to account for the estimation of the mean values from the same data set. This adjustment helps provide a more accurate estimate of the population covariance. Therefore, the degrees of freedom for covariance in a sample of size n is generally n-2, as both variables' means are estimated from the data.


How do you find covariance of two variables?

The covariance between two variables is simply the average product of the values of two variables that have been expressed as deviations from their respective means. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A worked example may be referenced at: http://math.info/Statistics/Covariance


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The sign convention resulting from the above definitions is that positive values indicate a direction or quantity that is considered to be in the same direction as the chosen positive axis, while negative values indicate a direction or quantity that is opposite to the chosen positive axis.


What is the principle of covariance?

The principle of covariance refers to the idea that the behavior of one variable is related to the behavior of another variable, particularly in statistical contexts. In mathematics and statistics, covariance measures how two random variables change together; a positive covariance indicates that as one variable increases, the other tends to increase as well, while a negative covariance suggests an inverse relationship. This principle is foundational in various fields, including finance, economics, and machine learning, as it helps in understanding relationships within datasets.


What is the difference between correlation and covariance?

Correlation is scaled to be between -1 and +1 depending on whether there is positive or negative correlation, and is dimensionless. The covariance however, ranges from zero, in the case of two independent variables, to Var(X), in the case where the two sets of data are equal. The units of COV(X,Y) are the units of X times the units of Y. correlation is the expected value of two random variables (E[XY]),whereas covariance is expected value of variations of two random variable from their expected values,


How is sph measured?

Sph (sphere) is a measurement of refractive error in eyeglass prescriptions, indicating the amount of nearsightedness or farsightedness. It is measured in diopters. Positive sph values indicate farsightedness, while negative values indicate nearsightedness.


What is a statistical measure of the extent to which two factors vary together?

A statistical measure of the extent to which two factors vary together is called covariance. It indicates the direction of the relationship between the variables: a positive covariance means that as one variable increases, the other tends to increase as well, while a negative covariance indicates that as one variable increases, the other tends to decrease. Covariance, however, does not provide information about the strength of the relationship, which is where correlation comes in, as it standardizes the measure.


Positive and negative used in temperature?

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How do you calculate a variance covariance matrix explain with an example?

variance - covariance - how to calculate and its uses


What are the release dates for Covariance - 2011?

Covariance - 2011 was released on: USA: 20 September 2011


When subtracting values from the mean use only negative or positive differences?

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Distinguish between analysis of variance and analysis of covariance?

) Distinguish clearly between analysis of variance and analysis of covariance.