You might be talking about the A Level subject (actually, a part of the subject) "Statistics 2".
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descriptive statistics
Examples of descriptive statistics are mean, median, mode, and midrange.
In statistics it could mean the sum of the values for the y-variable.
It cannot be proven because it is not true. Suppose S1 = {0,1,2,3} and S2 = {0,5,10} then S1 u S2 = {0,1,2,3,5,10} then |S1| = n = 4, |S2| = m = 3 but |S1 u S2| = 6 which is NOT n+m = 7
The mean and standard deviation. If the data really are normally distributed, all other statistics are redundant.