A function is a mapping or relationship from a set of inputs to a set of outputs such that for each input there is at most one output.
The set of inputs is the domain.
The set of outputs is the codomain or range.
Derivatives are a characteristic of continuous functions. The derivative of a function at any point measures the rate of change in the output for very tiny changes in input, measured at that point.
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Any function is a mapping from a domain to a codomain or range. Each element of the domain is mapped on to a unique element in the range by the function.
The function is a simple linear function and so its nature does not limit the domain or range in any way. So the domain and range can be the whole of the real numbers. If the domain is a proper subset of that then the range must be defined accordingly. Similarly, if the range is known then the appropriate domain needs to be defined.
A relation is a mapping from elements of one set, called the domain, to elements of another set, called the range. The function of the three terms: relation, domain and range, is to define the parameters of a mapping which may or may not be a function.
The range is the y, while the domain is the x.
Use the function to find the image of each point in the domain. The set of values that you get will be the range. If the function is well behaved, you will not have to try each and every value in the domain.