first line it up
by using a ruler
the answer is unknown error
Percent error is typically used to describe the difference between an expected value and an observed value (measured in an experiment). To calculate percent error, you must know the expected (or theoretical) value, determined from reference manuals and formulas. Percent error = [(actual measured value)/(expected value) - 1] x 100% Let's say that you do a chemistry experiment, where you expect to use 30 mL of a hydrochloric acid solution to neutralize a prepared solution of sodium hydroxide. When you perform the experiment, you actually use 30.2 mL of hydrochloric acid solution. Percent error = [(30.2 mL) / (30 mL) - 1] x 100% = 0.667 % error
Measure the depth using a metric ruler!
the spindle must be tighten to avoid slightly changes on the reading
Everybody is expected to work for the good of the country
A metal ruler expands when exposed to heat, causing it to appear longer than it actually is. This expansion leads to a measurement error when using the ruler on a hot day.
Depending on whether you subtract actual value from expected value or other way around, a positive or negative percent error, will tell you on which side of the expected value that your actual value is. For example, suppose your expected value is 24, and your actual value is 24.3 then if you do the following calculation to figure percent error:[percent error] = (actual value - expected value)/(actual value) - 1 --> then convert to percent.So you have (24.3 - 24)/24 -1 = .0125 --> 1.25%, which tells me the actual is higher than the expected. If instead, you subtracted the actual from the expected, then you would get a negative 1.25%, but your actual is still greater than the expected. My preference is to subtract the expected from the actual. That way a positive error tells you the actual is greater than expected, and a negative percent error tells you that the actual is less than the expected.
It depends on the type of ruler you are using. Depends if you are using a just metric unit ruler or if you are using a yard/meter stick. The measurements should be written along the edge of the ruler.
Make sure you are using the correct SI unit on the ruler.
a ruler using centimetres as the mesurement
You cannot measure an angle using a ruler.
RATIO ERROR The secondary current is less than the expected value. The secondary is less in magnitude. This diffence is known as ratio error. PHASE ERROR The angle between the expected and actual secondary current is known as phase error.
The angle between the expected and actual secondary current is known as phase error.
You cannot. You cannot ensure the lines are strictly parallel using only a ruler.
There is a hole in the ruler (i.e.) circle just make the circle using that