If a random variable X has a Normal distribution with mean m and standard deviation s, then
z = (X - m)/s
has a Standard Normal distribution. That is, Z has a Normal distribution with mean 0 and standard deviation 1.
Probabilities for a general Normal distribution are extremely difficult to obtain but values for the Standard Normal have been calculated numerically and are widely tabulated. The z-transformation is, therefore, used to evaluate probabilities for Normally distributed random variables.
z = ±0.44
The Z value is 0.
Yes. However, because the distribution is symmetric about 0, some tables give only positive values for z.
Approx 78.88 % Normal distribution tables give the area under the normal curve between the mean where z = 0 and the given number of standard deviations (z value) to its right; negative z values are to the left of the mean. Looking up z = 1.25 gives 0.3944 (using 4 figure tables). → area between -1.25 and 1.25 is 0.3944 + 0.3944 = 0.7888 → the proportion of the normal distribution between z = -1.25 and z = 1.25 is (approx) 78.88 %
z=(x-mu)/s = (-10+9)/2 z = -1/2 Note that the standard normal has a mean of 0, therefore: The value of -10 is to the left of the mean of -9 The value of -1/2 is to the left of the mean of 0.
z = ±0.44
The Z value is 0.
Yes. However, because the distribution is symmetric about 0, some tables give only positive values for z.
-1.28
z = 1.52 (approx)
No, they do not.
Provided the distribution is Normal, the z-score is the value such that the probability of observing a smaller value is 0.25. Thus z = -0.67449
The standard Normal distribution is symmetric about 0 and so 50% of the Z values are positive.
The p-value is the probability of any event or the level of significance for any statistical test. The z-score is a transformation applied to a Random Variable with any Normal distribution to the Standard Normal distribution.
Tables of the cumulative probability distribution of the standard normal distribution (mean = 0, variance = 1) are readily available. Almost all textbooks on statistics will contain one and there are several sources on the net. For each value of z, the table gives Φ(z) = prob(Z < z). The tables usually gives value of z in steps of 0.01 for z ≥ 0. For a particular value of z, the height of the probability density function is approximately 100*[Φ(z+0.01) - Φ(z)]. As mentioned above, the tables give figures for z ≥ 0. For z < 0 you simply use the symmetry of the normal distribution.
Answer: 0 The z score is the value of the random variable associated with the standardized normal distribution (mean = 0, standard deviation =1). Now, the median and the mean of a normal distribution are the same. The 50 percentile z score = the median = mean = 0.
It is true. Because the normal distribution is above the horizontal axis for all values, the area under it is a positive quantity no matter the z value.