The laws of thermodynamics imply that there will always be some loss of efficiency.
why is the efficiency of a calorimeter less than 100%
Not if the laws of physics - specifically thermodynamics - are correct.
That simply means that some energy is lost, due to friction and other causes.
Percent means out of 100 → 3 percent of 100 g = 3/100 × 100 g = 3 g
20/100 x 100 = 20 percent
nothing has 100% efficiency.
No. Nothing mechanical can ever have a 100% efficiency by any physical evaluation.
why is the efficiency of a calorimeter less than 100%
If a machine has 100 percent efficiency, the output work = the input work. That's actually basically what the efficiency of a machine is - output work / input work * 100.
"Unity"
A ideal machine would have an efficiency of 100 percent. For this to be possible, the amount of energy output by the machine would equal the amount of energy input. Because all machines have physical parts, some energy is lost to friction, heat dissipation, or other factors, so no machine can be an ideal machine.
(work out/work in) x 100
Because there is always going to be friction, the efficiency of any machine will always be less then 100 percent.
The machine efficiency is 35 percent (35/100).
100*80/100 = 80%
A machine with 100 percent mechanical efficiency would be called an ideal machine, as it would have no energy losses due to friction, heat, or other inefficiencies.
Nothing can be more that 100% (one hundred percent)! When people say that something is one hundred and ten percent - they are wrong. It is an attempt to imply that something is greater that it should be. It is similar to the annoying habit of adding !!!! at the end of a sentence, when a single ! is correct.