The laws of thermodynamics imply that there will always be some loss of efficiency.
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why is the efficiency of a calorimeter less than 100%
Not if the laws of physics - specifically thermodynamics - are correct.
That simply means that some energy is lost, due to friction and other causes.
General formula for calculating efficiency is given by Efficiency = (output / input) * 100 It is denoted by greek letter Eta Efficiency cannot be more than 100%.
Percent means out of 100 → 3 percent of 100 g = 3/100 × 100 g = 3 g