You can work this out with long division, by checking to see if (x2 - 1) is a factor of (2x4 + 4x3 - x2 + 4x - 3). It is. Unfortunately, the WikiAnswers system is somewhat limited in depicting things such as long division, so we won't be able to represent it here. In short though, (2x4 + 4x3 - x2 + 4x - 3) / (x2 + 1) is equal to 2x2 + 4x - 3. which means that:
(x2 + 1) / (2x4 + 4x3 - x2 + 4x - 3)
= (x2 + 1) / (x2 + 1)(2x2 + 4x - 3)
= 1 / (2x2 + 4x - 3)
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(x2 + 14 + 48 / (x + 8) = (x2 + 62) / (x + 8) =(x2 + 8x - 8x - 64 + 126) / (x + 8) = x - 1 + 126/(x+8)
x2 + x2 = 2x2
x3 + 1 = (x + 1)(x2 - x + 1) The x + 1's cancel out, leaving x2 - x + 1
x2 + x2 = 2x2
(3x4 + 2x3 - x2 - x - 6)/(x2 + 1)= 3x2 + 2x - 4 + (-3x - 2)/(x2 + 1)= 3x2 + 2x - 4 - (3x + 2)/(x2 + 1)where the quotient is 3x2 + 2x - 4 and the remainder is -(3x + 2).