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Variables that may affect the results of an experiment are described by the umbrella term "extraneous variable". extraneous variables that actually affect the result without experimenter knowledge is called a confounding variables

eg. if the experimenter is testing verbal recall performance, hair color is not going to effect the results. hair color is an extraneous variable, but not compound. but whether or not a subject had a good nights sleep can have a huge effect on the ability to remember words. therefore sleep is a compound variable.

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