Well, honey, a well-designed experiment typically contains at least two variables: the independent variable, which is manipulated by the researcher, and the dependent variable, which is measured to see the effect of the independent variable. Some experiments may have more variables, but those two are the main players in the game. So, buckle up and get ready to design a killer experiment!
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In any experiment there are many kinds of variables that will effect the experiment. The independent variable is the manipulation for the experiment and the dependent variable is the measure you take from that experiment. Confounding variables are things in which have an effect on the dependent variable, but were taken into account in the experimental design. For example, you want to know if Drug X has an effect on causing sleep. The experimenter must take care to design the experiment so that he can be very sure that the subjects in the study fell asleep because of the influence of his Drug X, and that the sleepiness was not caused by other factors. Those other factors would be confounding variables.
in a science experiment many things are measured. it depends on what experiment one is conducting.
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Infinitely many. Assuming the variables are "x" and "y" , for every value of "x" a value for "y" can be calculated.