Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
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The mean is affected the most by an outlier.
mean
Yes, it will. An outlier is a data point that lies outside the normal range of data. This means that if it is factored in the mean will move in the direction the outlier is, really high if the outlier was high, and really low if the outlier was low.
By definition, an outlier will not have the same value as other data points in the dataset. So, the correct question is "What is the effect of an outlier on a dataset's mean." The answer is that the outlier moves the mean away from the value of the other 49 identical values. If the outlier is the "high tail" the mean is moved to a higher value. If the outlier is a "low tail" the mean is moved to a lower value.
Depends on whether the outlier was too small or too large. If the outlier was too small, the mean without the outlier would be larger. Conversely, if the outlier was too large, the mean without the outlier would be smaller.