When it doesn't fulfill the requirements of a function. A function must have EXACTLY ONE value of one of the variables (the "dependent variable") for every value of the other variable or variables (the "independent variable").
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The relation is a function if, for every element in the domain there is exactly one element in the range and if for every element in the range there is at least one element in the domain.
Not every relation is a function. But every function is a relation. Function is just a part of relation.
A function is a relation whose mapping is a bijection.
If a vertical line intersects the graph at more than one point then it is not a function.
No. A relation is not a special type of function.
Good question. A relation is simply that; any x-value to create any y-value. A function, however, cannot be defined for multiple values of x. In other words, for a relation to be a function, it must have singular values for all x within its domain.