The answer will depend on what variable you want to calculate.
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A sample survey is quicker and cheaper. If the survey is well designed then the results are likely to be close to their true values.
Data analysis must be used to understand the results of a survey. Otherwise, the data collected by the survey would remain a jumbled collection of data.
1. Test-retestIn the test-retest method of determining reliability, the same instrument is administered twice to the same population, and if the results are the same, stability of measurement is assumed.An example would be giving the same survey questions to a group of people, then latter giving the same group of people the same survey with the same question. Now if both surveys have the same results then there is reliability in the survey.2. Multiple formsMultiple forms involve the administration of alternate forms of the instrument to the same group.
Self-selected sampling is a technique in data gathering which participants are taking initiative in the test or survey conducted. This brings results that are often biased and inconclusive.
The leading questions in a sample survey is the purpose of the survey and the expectations of the interviewees.