you put the fraction in simplest form (the numerator and denominator have no common factors besides one)
then you find what number your variable should be to make the denominator 0. this is excluded value b/c your denominator can never equal 0
the number you found is your excluded value
ex.
4
------ Your excluded value is 3 because 3(3-3)=0
x(x-3)
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Nominal Variables
They are variables that can take quantitative - as opposed to qualitative values. For example, the colour of peoples' eyes is a qualitative variable, but their age or shoe size are quantitative variables.
1 or -1
The values for two variables plotted on two axes
When r is close to +1 the variables have a positive correlation between them; as the x-values increase, the corresponding y-values increase. There is also a strong linear correlation or relationship between the variables, when the value of r is close to +1.