The group of individuals used to represent a population is called the sample. It should have the same statistics as the population, though be of a smaller size.
statistics
Bias
genetic variation
INFERENCES Any calculated number from a sample from the population is called a 'statistic', such as the mean or the variance.
population
sample.
statistics
The number of individuals in a population is called population size.
demographics, census data
Inferential statistics. This branch of statistics involves making inferences or predictions about a population based on data collected from a sample taken from that population.
Emigration.
immigration
Descriptive statistics give information regarding a data set. For example, any graph, the mean, median, and mode, standard deviation, range, and variance are all descriptive statistics. Inferential statistics is using a representative sample from a population to say something about that population. For example, for presidential polls, not everyone in the country is called and asked who they plan to vote for. Whoever does the surveying picks a sample that should fairly represent the population as a whole, and just asks those people. Depending on the sample size, the surveyor can then determine how accurate the results are, and use them to generalize to the population as a whole.
A small number of people used to represent an entire population is called a sample. Typically the sample reflects characteristics of the larger population from which it is drawn.
The use of a small number of people to represent a greater population is called sampling. The sample can be randomly chosen so that it is a reliable reflection of most of the population.
Over population.
Bias