No, it is not. A descriptive statistic is a measure such as mean, standard deviation etc., computed from a set of observations. A p value is something that is obtained by computing a test statistic (using a formula which may involve mean, variance etc.,) and finding the probability of obtaining a value as great as or greater than the one actually obtained. In other words, a p value is a probability and must lie between 0 and 1 whereas a descriptive statistic is not a probability. It is just a number used to describe a specific characteristic of a set of sata.
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Normally you would find the critical value when given the p value and the test statistic.
A numerical value calculated for a sample is called a descriptive statistic.
The answer depends on what the test statistic is: a t-statistic, z-score, chi square of something else.
A descriptive statistic describes the characteristics of a known set of data; such as mean, median, mode, range, standard deviation and so forth.
The variance.