Samples
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population
Statistical dispersion, a quantifiable variation of measurements of differing members of a population
Measurements. Just because a particular result lies far from the mean doesn't make it any different. If it's noticeably far from the "crowd" of all the other measurements, it can be called an outlier. An outlier isn't necessarily bad, just different. It should be examined in detail to see if there's something odd about it, but not discarded out of hand.
statistics
The group of individuals used to represent a population is called the sample. It should have the same statistics as the population, though be of a smaller size.