This has to do with the union of events. If events A and B are in the set S, then the union of A and B is the set of outcomes in A or B. This means that either event A or event B, or both, can occur. P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B) **P(A and B) is subtracted, since by taking P(A) + P(B), their intersection, P(A and B), has already been included. In other words, if you did not subtract it, you would be including their intersection twice. Draw a Venn Diagram to visualize. If A and B can only happen separately, i.e., they are independent events and thus P(A and B) = 0, then, P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B) = P(A) + P(B) - 0 = P(A) + P(B)
Sum Rule: P(A) = \sum_{B} P(A,B) Product Rule: P(A , B) = P(A) P(B|A) or P(A, B)=P(B) P(A|B) [P(A|B) means probability of A given that B has occurred] P(A, B) = P(A) P(B) , if A and B are independent events.
P(A|B)= P(A n B) / P(B) P(A n B) = probability of both A and B happening to check for independence you see if P(A|B) = P(B)
If they're disjoint events: P(A and B) = P(A) + P(B) Generally: P(A and B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A|B)
Let's try this example (best conceived of as a squared 2x2 table with sums to the side). The comma here is an AND logical operator. P(A, B) = 0.1 P(A, non-B) = 0.4 P(non-A, B) = 0.3 P(non-A, non-B) = 0.2 then P(A) and P(B) are obtained by summing on the different sides of the table: P(A) = P(A, B) + P(A, non-B) = 0.1 + 0.4 = 0.5 P(B) = P(A,B) + P(non-A, B) = 0.1 + 0.3 = 0.4 so P(A given B) = P (A, B) / P (B) = 0.1 / 0.4 = 0.25 also written P(A|B) P(B given A) = P (A,B) / P (A) = 0.1 / 0.5 = 0.2 The difference comes from the different negated events added to form the whole P(A) and P(B). If P(A, non-B) = P (B, non-A) then P(A) = P(B) and also P(A|B) = P(B|A).
300 = (S)core for a (p)erfect (g)ame in (b)owling
300 is a Perfect Score in Ten Pin Bowling
a perfect game is a bowling
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Given the graphic capability of this site, you are going to have to use some imagination! <---------a---------> <---a-b---><--b--> +-----------+-------+ |...............|..........| |.......P......|....Q...| |...............|..........| +-----------+-------+ |.......R......|....S....| |...............|..........| +-----------+-------+ In the above graphic, P, S and the whole figure are meant to be squares. The total area is P+Q+R+S = a2 P = (a-b)2 Q = b*(a-b) = (a-b)*b = a*b - b2 R = (a-b)*b = a*b = a*b - b2 and S = b2 Now, P = {P+Q+R+S} - Q - R - S = a2 - ab + b2 - ab + b2 - b2 = a2 - 2ab + b2
S. P. B. Charan was born on 1974-01-07.
P. B. S. Pinchback died on 1921-12-21.
P. B. S. Pinchback was born on 1837-05-10.
Solid and liquid.
If a is rational then there exist integers p and q such that a = p/q where q>0. Similarly, b = r/s for some integers r and s (s>0) Then a*b = p/q * r/s = (p*r)/(q*s) Now, since p, q r and s are integers, p*r and q*s are integers. Also, q and s > 0 means that q*s > 0 Thus a*b can be expressed as x/y where p and r are integers implies that x = p*r is an integer q and s are positive integers implies that y = q*s is a positive integer. That is, a*b is rational.
how to un b o q n s p e
12 strikes in a 300 bowling game