1/6 if the letter is chosen at random.
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The probability of picking an 's' in the word Mississippi is 100% - you will always find one ... eventually. However if you mean with single choice from the 11 characters of the word Mississippi, then the probability is 4 chances in 11 which is just over 36% or a probability of 0.363636 recurring. My odd answer illustrates the need to pose questions without ambiguity. Beano GB
You have a total of 11 letters in "mathematics" and you have 4 vowels (a,e,a,i) so the probability of drawing a vowel is 4/11. In other words if you were to consider the vowel's to be 1's and the consonants 2's. What is the probability of drawing a "1". There would be 4 1's and 7 2's. It would be 4/11
The sample space for choosing a letter from the word SPACE is {S, P, A, C, E}. The sample space for choosing a consonant from the word MATH is {M, T, H}. Consonants are letters that are not vowels (A, E, I, O, U), so in the word MATH, the consonants are M, T, and H.
There are no s's in a standard deck of cards, so the probability of selecting any s's, in any sequence of draws, in any strategy of replacement is exactly zero.
Inferential statistics are used in situations where it can be assumed that random behaviour(s), subject to the mathematical laws of probability, must be taken into account.