For standard dice, there are 36 outcomes for rolling 2 dice. There are 3 ways to roll a 4; 3,1 1,3 & 2,2. The probability of sum of 4 is then 3/36 or 1/12 or 0.0833.
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The probability of rolling a sum of 5 with two dice is 4 in 36, or 1 in 9, or about 0.1111. 1 and 4 2 and 3 3 and 2 4 and 1
The probability of rolling a sum of 8 and doubles when rolling two dice is 1 in 36, or about 0.02778. Simply note that there are 36 permutations of two dice, of which exactly one of them (a 4 and a 4) matches the conditions specified.
There is 4 ways to roll a 9 with 2 dice, and 36 possible outcomes. So, the probability of rolling a sum of 9 with two dice is 4/36 or 1/9.
Rolling a sum of 15 on three rolls of a die, when the first roll is a 4, is the same as rolling a sum of 11 on the second and third roll. The probability of rolling 11 on two dice is 3 in 36, or 1 in 12.
The probability is 1.