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Variance and standard deviation are one and the same thing?
No. But they are related. If a sample of size n is taken, a standard deviation can be calculated. This is usually denoted as "s" however some textbooks will use the symbol, sigma. The standard deviation of a sample is usually used to estimate the standard deviation of the population. In this case, we use n-1 in the denomimator of the equation. The variance of the sample is the square of the sample's standard deviation. In many textbooks it is denoted as s2. In denoting the standard deviation and variance of populations, the symbols sigma and sigma2 should be used. One last note. We use standard deviations in describing uncertainty as it's easier to understand. If our measurements are in days, then the standard deviation will also be in days. The variance will be in units of days2.
Are standard deviation and mean use for ratio data?
Yes.
What is the difference between a normal distribution and a standard normal distribution?
when you doesnt have information about the real mean of a population and use the estimation of mean instead of the real mean , usually you use t distribution instead of normal distribution. * * * * * Intersting but nothing to do with the question! If a random variable X is distributed Normally with mean m and standard deviation s, then Z = (X-m)/s has a standard Normal distribution. Z has mean 0 and standard deviation = 1 (or Variance = sd2 = 1).
When to use z or t-distribution?
If the sample size is large (>30) or the population standard deviation is known, we use the z-distribution.If the sample sie is small and the population standard deviation is unknown, we use the t-distribution
When we know the population mean but not the population standard deviation which statistic do we use to compare a sample to the population?
The sample standard error.
