None, no single method can fully measure the kinds of variables important to OD because each has certain strengths and weaknesses.
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Because it measures the averages of a collection of data
"Measures of central tendency are statistical measures." is an accurate statement.
It uses a different group of participants for each of the treatment conditions being compared.
SE is the standard error. it is the standard deviation divided by the square root of sample size. It basically measures how accurately a statistic describes the population.
The dispersion of the data.