The assumption in the question is not valid. There are two main reasons for outliers: one is that there is a measurement or recording error and if that is the case, then the outlier should be excluded. However, it is possible that the model under consideration is no longer valid when you get near the outlier.
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you put the fraction in simplest form (the numerator and denominator have no common factors besides one) then you find what number your variable should be to make the denominator 0. this is excluded value b/c your denominator can never equal 0 the number you found is your excluded value ex. 4 ------ Your excluded value is 3 because 3(3-3)=0 x(x-3)
An excluded value is any x value that makes a function value y undefined. For a rational function, an excluded value is a value that makes the denominator equal to 0.
sampling errorS OCCURES WHEN SOME POPULATION UNITS ARE EXCLUDED FOR SAMPLING
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1 out of 20 this is because there are 20 numbers in total, and there is only one 7 in there. (Assuming that there is the same probability for each number to be chosen, and that 17 is excluded as an affirmative outcome)