There aren't. There are three: Sine, Cosine and Tangent, for any given right-angled triangle.
They are related of course: for any given angle A, sinA/cosA = tanA; sinA + cosA =1.
As you can prove for yourself, the first by a little algebraic manipulation of the basic ratios for a right-angled triangle, the second by looking up the values for any value such that 0 < A < 90.
And those three little division sums are the basis for a huge field of mathematics extending far beyond simple triangles into such fields as harmonic analysis, vectors, electricity & electronics, etc.
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The negative sine graph and the positive sine graph have opposite signs: when one is negative, the other is positive - by exactly the same amount. The sine function is said to be an odd function. The two graphs for cosine are the same. The cosine function is said to be even.
Cosine (0) = 1 Sin(0) = 0 The sine and cosine curves are two intertwining curves, that complement each other, hence the words 'Sine (Curve) and Cosine ( COmplementary Curve).
Yes, trigonometric functions such as sine, cosine, and tangent can be applied to triangles other than right triangles through the use of the Law of Sines and the Law of Cosines. These laws relate the ratios of the sides of any triangle to the sines and cosines of their angles, allowing for the calculation of unknown sides and angles in non-right triangles. Thus, trigonometric functions are versatile tools applicable to various types of triangles.
The Sine ratio is Sine(angle) = opposite side / hypotenuse side. This is written in 'short-hand' as Sin(angle) = o / h Similarly the cosine ratio is Cosine(angle) = adjacent side / hypotenuse side. Cos(angle) = a/h Similarly the tangent ratio is Tangent(angle) = opposite side /adjacent side. Tan(angle) = o/a NB THe sides refer to the sides of a right-angled triangle. NNB The angle referred to is NOT the right angle, but a selected angle from the other two angles.
Oh, dude, it's like asking the difference between a hot dog and a hamburger. So, like, the main difference is just a phase shift of 90 degrees. Sine starts at zero, cos starts at one, but they're basically like two sides of the same math coin.