You need two forms of grounding according to the code. Grounding to the water main is typically the best ground in a building. If you don't have a water meter you can add an extra ground rod.
#4 bare copper connected to two 8' copper ground rods 6" apart driven into the ground.
NEC code requires #6 bare copper.
Yes, there are ground wire gauges. The approiate size ground wire must be matched to the size service you are installing. For instance a 200 amp serivce must be grounded with a # 4 bare copper ground wire.
A 200 amp service using a uffer ground will need a #3 bare copper wire. The bare copper wire is to be not less than 20 feet in length. It also has to be within 2" of the concrete foundation footing that is in direct contact with the earth. The depth can not be less than 2 feet below finished grade.
No, you can use #4 bare copper ground wire.
Ground the meter base only if it's a duplex. Otherwise, ground at the main switch or panel.
A 200 amp service panel will require a # 4 bare copper ground wire.
#4 bare copper connected to two 8' copper ground rods 6" apart driven into the ground.
NOBODY!
On a 200 amp or any size service the ground wire is easily identified. Look in the distribution panel for the neutral bus bar. This is where the service neutral (white wire) is connected to the distribution panel. There you will see a bare copper wire connected to the same neutral bar. This is the ground wire that is connected to the ground rods out side of the house.
200 amp service in chicago uses 3 aught.
Check the nameplate on the service panel. There it will tell you what the buss capacity is. On a 200 amp service nothing in the wiring configuration is allowed to be less than that the service rating. In the market there are 200 amp 42 circuit distribution panels.
#6 should be fine...Canadian Code anyway....
NEC code requires #6 bare copper.
It depends on where the sub panel is situated. If the panel is under the same roof as the main distribution panel then no ground rods are needed on the sub panel. If the sub panel is in a different building then a ground rod might be needed. There has been an electrical code rule change on this subject. Check with your local electrical inspector before installation so that it is done correctly.
Yes, there are ground wire gauges. The approiate size ground wire must be matched to the size service you are installing. For instance a 200 amp serivce must be grounded with a # 4 bare copper ground wire.
A 200 amp service using a uffer ground will need a #3 bare copper wire. The bare copper wire is to be not less than 20 feet in length. It also has to be within 2" of the concrete foundation footing that is in direct contact with the earth. The depth can not be less than 2 feet below finished grade.