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One definition of sine and cosine is with a unitary circle. In this case, the sine is simply equal to the y-coordinate, and the cosine, the x-coordinate. Since the hypothenuse is 1, the equation in the question follows directly from Pythagoras' Law: x2 + y2 = r2, x2 + y2 = 1, cos2A + sin2A = 1. You can also derive it from the alternative definition of sine and cosine (ratios in a right triangle).

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Q: Show that sin ²A plus Cos ²A equals 1?
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